Below is the list of technology advancement which happened in 2021 year. Though 2021 year was tough from COVID perspective, it impacted our lives in every manner. But wait, there is silver lining which has happened in technology world.

Have a look at the Technology trends 2021 list:

1. mRNA Vaccine

The two most important vaccines against the coronavirus are based on the messenger RNA, a technology that has been in the labs for 20 years. When the covid-19 pandemic started last year, researchers at several biotech companies were quick to turn to mRNA as a way to create effective vaccines; in late 2020, at a time when more than 1.5 million had died from covid-19 worldwide, the vaccines were approved in the US, marking the starting of the end of the pandemic.

The new covid vaccines are based on a technology which were never before used in world, and it could transform medicine, leading to vaccines against various infectious diseases, including malaria. And if this coronavirus keeps mutating, mRNA vaccines can be easily and quickly modified. Messenger RNA also holds great promise as the basis for cheap gene fixes to sickle-cell disease and HIV. Also in the works: using mRNA to help the body fight off cancers.

Source credit : MIT mRNA Research

For more detail how mRNA vaccines work, please check this – How mRNA Vaccine works ?

2. Lithium Metal Batteries

Electric vehicles come with a tough sales pitch; they’re relatively expensive, and you can drive them only a few hundred miles before they need to recharge—which takes far longer than stopping for gas. All these drawbacks have to do with the limitations of lithium-ion batteries. A well-funded Silicon Valley startup now says it has a battery that will make electric vehicles far more palatable for the mass consumer.

It’s called a lithium-metal-battery and is being developed by QuantumScape. According to early test results, the battery could boost the range of an EV by 80% and can be rapidly recharged. The startup has a deal with VW, which says it will be selling EVs with the new type of battery by 2025.

The battery is still just a prototype that’s much smaller than one needed for a car. But if QuantumScape and others working on lithium-metal batteries succeed, it could finally make EVs attractive to millions of consumers.

Source credit: How Lithium metal batteries work ?

3. Multi-Skilled AI

Despite the immense progress in artificial intelligence in recent years, AI and robots are still dumb in many ways, especially when it comes to solving new problems or navigating unfamiliar environments. They lack the human ability, found even in young children, to learn how the world works and apply that general knowledge to new situations.

One promising approach to improving the skills of AI is to expand its senses; currently AI with computer vision or audio recognition can sense things but cannot “talk” about what it sees and hears using natural-language algorithms. But what if you combined these abilities in a single AI system? Might these systems begin to gain human like intelligence? Might a robot that can see, feel, hear, and communicate be a more productive human assistant?

Source Credit: AI Armed with Multiple Senses.

4. Digital contact tracing

As the coronavirus began to spread around the world, it was believed that digital contact tracing might help us. Smartphones could use GPS or Bluetooth to create a database of people who had recently interacted with someone. if one of them tested positive later on, He could inform the central repsoitory which in turn can raise an alarm to all the people who contacted him.

But digital contact tracing largely failed to make much impact on the virus’s spread. Apple and Google quickly pushed out features like exposure notifications to many smartphones, but public health officials struggled to persuade residents to use them. The lessons we learn from this pandemic could not only help us prepare for the next pandemic but also carry over to other areas of health care.

Source Credit: Digital contact tracing

5. Tik-Tok Recommendation Engine

The recommendation engine is not new to the Data Science community. Instead, some consider it as the old generation AI system due to a lack of dizzying effects like image recognition or language generation.

Nevertheless, the recommendation is still one of the predominant AI systems which have the most extensive implementation in almost all online services and platforms. For example, YouTube video suggestion, campaign email you received from Amazon, book you might also like when you are browsing the kindle bookshop.

Apart from the basic, industrialized recommendation engine need a robust backend and architecture design for integration. Below is a primary example.

A real-time system should have a solid data basis (for collection and storage) to support the multiple abstract layers(algorithm layer, serving layer, and application layer ) on top that addresses different business problems.

Source Credit: Tik-Tok Engine

6. Green Hydrogen

Hydrogen has always been an intriguing possible replacement for fossil fuels. It burns cleanly, emitting no carbon dioxide; it’s energy dense, so it’s a good way to store power from on-and-off renewable sources; and you can make liquid synthetic fuels that are drop-in replacements for gasoline or diesel. But most hydrogen up to now has been made from natural gas; the process is dirty and energy intensive.

The rapidly dropping cost of solar and wind power means green hydrogen is now cheap enough to be practical. Simply zap water with electricity, and presto, you’ve got hydrogen. Europe is leading the way, beginning to build the needed infrastructure.

Source Credit: Green Hydrogen

7. Data Trust

Technology companies have proven to be poor stewards of our personal data. Our information has been leaked, hacked, and sold and resold more times than most of us can count. Maybe the problem isn’t with us, but with the model of privacy to which we’ve long adhered—one in which we, as individuals, are primarily responsible for managing and protecting our own privacy.

Data trusts offer one alternative approach that some governments are starting to explore. A data trust is a legal entity that collects and manages people’s personal data on their behalf. Though the structure and function of these trusts are still being defined, and many questions remain, data trusts are notable for offering a potential solution to long-standing problems in privacy and security.

Source Credit: Data Trust

Do Check this article for more knowledge on data trust

8. Hyper Accurate Positioning

We all use GPS every day; it has transformed our lives and many of our businesses. But while today’s GPS is accurate to within 5 to 10 meters, new hyper-accurate positioning technologies have accuracies within a few centimeters or millimeters. That’s opening up new possibilities, from landslide warnings to delivery robots and self-driving cars that can safely navigate streets.

China’s BeiDou (Big Dipper) global navigation system was completed in June 2020 and is part of what’s making all this possible. It provides positioning accuracy of 1.5 to two meters to anyone in the world. Using ground-based augmentation, it can get down to millimeter-level accuracy. Meanwhile, GPS, which has been around since the early 1990s, is getting an upgrade: four new satellites for GPS III launched in November and more are expected in orbit by 2023.

Source Credit: Hyper Accurate Positioning

9. Remote everything

The pandemic fundamentally changed how the world responds to remote work. Education and health care are two areas that changed radically, as remote learning and telehealth use grew exponentially. Even as the pandemic winds down, we will continue to see significant use of these technologies.

Credit Source: New Remote world

10. GPT-3

This 175 billion parameter language model has the remarkable ability to write fluent text, complete imaginative story lines and do very well in random conversations. However, the uber-environmental footprint to train the model and the biases it perpetuates by using a large corpus of internet content are sobering counterweights to its use. Nevertheless, it is a big technology trends breakthrough which clearly needs to be tamed to be useful.

Source Credit: GPT-3

Conclusion – technology trends

Though 2021 was also tough likewise 2020. But it gave humans a new ray of hope and new way of living. Wishing a lot new world of technology trends to be discovered in 2022. Happy new to all the teknonauts out there.

Please explore more at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

Please see, It’s got nothing to do with Log4Shell, except it may be just as far-impacted as Log4j, given apache HTTPD’s is into almost all the software projects.

Don’t duck at the latest mention of Apache: Two critical bugs in its HTTP web server – HTTPD – need to be patched , lest they lead to attackers triggering denial of service (DoS) or bypassing your security policies.

Apache made headlines for logshell headlines earlier but now again in news due to two bugs in https server which is a web server.

CVE Details

Both vulnerabilities are found in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.51 and earlier. Please check below link for official CVE Details:

https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-45/product_id-66/Apache-Http-Server.html

1. CVE-2021-44790
2. CVE-2021-44224

Both of these were published on 20-12-2021.

The first issue (CVE-2021-44790) is with the function “r:parsebody” of the component “mod_lua Multipart Parser.” As the VulDB vulnerability database describes it, “manipulation with an unknown input leads to a memory-corruption vulnerability” that “is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity and availability.”

As per varied security agencies it is noted that the issue is reportedly easy to exploit: It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploitation doesn’t require any form of authentication. This could leave servers at risk of some serious hurt. You will not be exposing these bugs via your configuration, because they are part of optional run-time modules that you might not actually be using. But if you are using these modules, whether you realize it or not, you could be at risk of server crashes, data leakage or even remote code execution.”

Although technical details are known, there’s no available exploit – at least, not yet.

Apache Changelog

Apache published these details for the two CVEs in its changelog:

• CVE-2021-44790: Possible buffer overflow when parsing a carefully crafted request in the mod_lua multipart parser of Apache HTTP Server 2.4.51 and earlier. Apache said that its HTTPD team hasn’t seen an exploit, but “it might be possible to craft one.”
• CVE-2021-44224: Possible NULL dereference or Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in forward proxy configurations, likewise in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.51 and earlier.

An Omnipresent HTTPD server

Teknonauts noted that Apache’s big server has “more than 3,000 files totaling close to a million lOC” making it not only “a large and capable server,” but one with “Complex combinations of modules and options, making it both powerful and dangerous at the time.”

These bugs shouldn’t get lost amidst the Log4J mess. you almost certainly have Apache HTTPD in your network somewhere. Just like Log4j, HTTPD has a habit of getting itself quietly included into software projects, for example as part of an internal service that works so well that it rarely draws attention to itself, or as a component built unobtrusively into a product or service you sell that isn’t predominantly thought of as ‘containing a web server.’

That could mean that this vulnerability may also be just as far-reaching as log4j as said by Ashish Kumar Singal, Principal architect at Oracle.

We all need a Priority Patch ASAP

Teknonauts urges IT teams to address the CVEs immediately at your end, prioritizing anything that’s publicly accessible or web-facing. These assets are the ones that attackers will scan for in order to find vulnerable systems and exploit the vulnerability.

After that, security teams should then move on to assessing and addressing internal servers and applications to which only employees have access..

“The scope of impact is likely more limited than what we’ve seen recently, but that shouldn’t change the urgency with which the CVEs are patched,” we recommend. “If attackers aren’t yet in a vulnerable environment, they will be scanning the internet for vulnerable software using HTTPD. However, if the attacker has already made their initial entry and is performing activity on the environment, they will likely try to locate vulnerable internal assets. This highlights the importance of understanding how every user in your infrastructure accesses and interacts with your apps and the data stored in them.”

Still, given that “these are typical web services deployed facing the internet,” the “patch ASAP” rule yet again applies.

Continue exploring at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

A new log4j vulnerability named Log4Shell is being considered as one of the worst cybersecurity flaws to have been discovered. What is it, and is it being exploited by hackers? What have affected tech companies said?

The vulnerability is based on an open-source logging library used in most applications by enterprises and even government agencies. The exploits for this vulnerability are already being tested by hackers, according to several reports, and it grants them access to an application, and could potentially let them run malicious software on a device or servers.

But what is the Log4Shell vulnerability and who all are impacted? teknonauts explain below:

What is the Log4Shell vulnerability?

The vulnerability first came to light on December 9, though some reports say the issue first surfaced on December 1, and was highlighted by Alibaba Cloud Security team’s Chen Zhaojun. The vulnerability is dubbed Log4Shell and is officially CVE-2021-44228 (CVE number is the unique number given to each vulnerability discovered across the world).

The problem impacts Log4j 2 versions which is a very common logging library used by applications across the world. Logging lets developers see all the activity of an application. Tech companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Google all rely on this open-source library, as do enterprise applications from CISCO, Netapp, CloudFare, Amazon and others.

The open-source Apache Log4j library has over 400,000 downloads from its Github project, according to cybersecurity firm Check Point.

The vulnerability is serious because exploiting it could allow hackers to control java-based web servers and launch what are called ‘remote code execution’ (RCE) attacks. In simple words, the vulnerability could allow a hacker to take control of a system.

RCE – Remote Code Execution

According to cybersecurity firm LunaSec, what makes the problem so serious is that this library is “ubiquitous” across applications and the exploit gives full server control and it is easy to execute. It is rating this vulnerability as quite severe.

Check Point notes that the flaw “can be exploited either over HTTP or HTTPS (the encrypted version of browsing),” which adds to the problems.

Is the vulnerability being exploited by hackers?

Check Point Research notes that most of the attacks they have observed appear to focus on the use of a cryptocurrency mining at the expense of the victims. However, new variations of the original exploit are being introduced rapidly, the firm said in a blog post.

LunaSec has said it likely impacts services such as Apple’s iCloud and the online gaming service Steam. In fact, as some users have posted on Twitter, simply changing an iPhone’s name in the Settings app to a Java string code is letting them access the application logs.

Meanwhile, New Zealand’s Cyber Emergency Response Team (CERT) has issued a statement saying that the vulnerability could allow the attacker full control of the affected server and that it is being “actively exploited in the wild”.

According to Lotem Finkelstein, Director, Threat Intelligence and Research for Check Point Software Technologies, this threat should not be ignored. “On the face of it, this is aimed at crypto miners but we believe this creates just the sort of background noise that serious threat actors will try to exploit in order to attack a whole range of high value targets such as banks, state security and critical infrastructure,” he said.

What have the affected tech companies said?

Microsoft owned Minecraft was one of the first to acknowledge the flaw and issued a statement saying that the Java edition of the game was at major risk for getting compromised. The statement by the company adds that the exploit has been “addressed with all versions of the game client patched,” but users will still need to take additional steps to secure the game and their own servers.

In a statement, Google said it is “currently assessing the potential impact of the vulnerability for Google Cloud products and services. This is an ongoing event and we will continue to provide updates through our customer communications channels.”

NetApp, which provides data management solutions for the Cloud, also put out a statement that its products are vulnerable, adding that “successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to disclosure of sensitive information, addition or modification of data, or Denial of Service (DoS).”

Cisco has said several of its products, including the popular Cisco Webex Meeting server, are vulnerable and it is investigating if more are at risk. Web infrastructure company Cloudfare has also put out a statement asking customers to update the Log4j versions and use the update software patchware. Enterprise firm VMware issued a statement saying they too have seen exploitation attempts and some of its key products are impacted by the flaw. Apple is yet to issue a statement on the same.

Patch by Log4j

check the link of apache for more information.

Continue exploring at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

RPA Tools: Pandemic has facilitated the digital transformation as a lot of organization preferring a hybrid work model rather than office/premise like setup. Adoption of new and advanced technologies like AI, ML, IOT, RPA has increased and the companies are now serious towards executing in order to stay afloat in the competitive market.

It is also the need of the hour where we have to change our operational tactics and RPA plays an important role in that. If you have such scenario then this article is for You, we will look what is RPA and what are the different option available in open-source and commercial RPA.

What is RPA ?

Robotic process automation (RPA) refers to software that can be programmed to do basic, repetitive tasks across applications. RPA develops and commission/deploy a software bots with the ability to launch and operate other software in the desired ecosystem.

Or in other words it’s the process by which you can build a digital workforce that can save human time and efforts in doing boring tasks which could be error prone by humans.

RPA helps in improving the efficiency of process flow, accuracy and productivity.

What Is an RPA Tool?

Tools which help in achieving RPA by pre-configured software programmed and procedure, which ultimately enable automation like,

1. Application testing
2. Sales Order Generation
3. Data Validation
4. Data Entry Works
5. Workflow automation, etc.

What are the business benefits of RPA?

Robotic process automation streamlines workflows, which makes organizations more profitable, flexible, and responsive. It also increases employee satisfaction, engagement, and productivity by removing mundane tasks from their workdays.

RPA is noninvasive and can be rapidly implemented to accelerate digital transformation. And it’s ideal for automating workflows that involve legacy systems that lack APIs, virtual desktop infrastructures (VDIs), or database access. 

What Are the Types of RPA Tools?

RPA tools can be divided into 2 categories,

1. Open-source 
2. Closed-Source/Licensed

Gartner Magic Quadrant 2019

Lets Checkout Commercial Tools first

UiPath

UiPath HQ at Newyork, USA ranks top in the Gartner’s Magic Quadrant, 2019. It continues to stay as a leader in RPA this year too says Guy Kirkwood, Chief Evangelist at UiPath.

The team operates through partners and closed December with $360 million as recurring revenue.

It’s a simple Visual designer with drag and drops functionality that makes the Windows desktop automation simpler.

They are pacing up the enterprise automation with AI and ML. Even their FTS release, 2020 concentrates high on the Hyper automation

Best Suitable for:

• Citrix Automation
• Front & back-office automation
• Enterprises with complex business processes
• Highly scalable processes
• Attended, Unattended automation

License Cost: Do visit website for latest pricing.

• UiPath pricing starts at $3990.00 per year.

Free trial: Available. Try from the link UIPath Trial

Automation Anywhere

Automation Anywhere is a global company that develops robotic process automation software. Founded in 2003, the company is headquartered in San Jose, California.

Product portfolio includes

• Discovery Bot
• IQ Bot
• RPA Workforce
• Bot Insight
• Aari

This Intelligent Automation Platform HQ in San Jose is used in more than 90 countries with 40+ offices across the world.

It can effectively automate the end-to-end business processes with ease. BOT insights provides us the ability to monitor each robot efficiently and have a look at the time saved through automation.

It has 500+ ready to download bots and bots on demand. It is secure by design and reads the unstructured data efficiently

Key Features

Their Automation Anywhere Enterprise A2019 covers,

• Computer Vision
• Drag & Drop IQ bot with cognitive abilities
• End-to-End AI-powered automation
• Predictive Modeling 
• NLP, etc.

Pricing: Source Automation website. Check the pricing comparison.

*Free trial available for 30 days. Check the link for Free Trial

Community Edition: There is also community edition available.

Blueprism

Blue Prism is one of the widely used RPA tools across the world. They have 1800+ customers including the Fortune 500 companies and top brands like Lloyds, Siemens, Microsoft, Accenture, Google, KPMG, EY, etc.

They are headquartered in the UK which aims to build a digital workforce to accelerate the automation of enterprises. 

Product portfolio is huge. Please check:

Blue Prism is developer-friendly and its Connected – RPA, an Intelligent Automation Ecosystem feature is impressive. It includes components like,

• Intelligent RPA Platform
• Digital Exchange
• ROM – Based Support & Services
• Communities

which brings together the users, partners an AI scientists to ally the businesses

Free Trial: Available for 30 days (both cloud and on-premise)

Pega

Pega is named as a “Visionary” in Gartner’s Magic Quadrant,2019.

Founded by Alan Treflor in 1983 is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. 

Pega has a presence of over 41 countries across the globe and 200+ partners. It holds multiple accolades including Best in Biz award 2018, CRM Service Leader by Destination CRM, etc.

Key Features:

• Center-out Approach
• X-Ray Vision
• Low-code app development platform

Free Trial – 30 days hosted on the Pega cloud

NICE

Featured as a “Challenger” in the Gartner’s Magic Quadrant, 2019 is headquartered in Israel.

Key Features

• Automation Finder 

This unique automation finder as the name indicates finds what are the tasks to be automated based on desktop analytics.

This effectively sits within every employees’ desktop and tracks their everyday activities. It collects data like process handling time, frequency, etc. to identify which processes grab more time of the employees.

Deep Learning & Machine Learning further improves its accuracy.

• Cognitive Intelligence

NICE’s Open platform leverages OCR, Chatbots, machine learning to automate a highly complex business process like opening a banking account, KYC, credit score determination, etc. 

In case of a discrepancy, it is escalated to humans for verification and approval.

• NEVA – NICE Employee Virtual Attendant

This is the world’s first Cognitive Intelligent Virtual Attendant for employees. It automates the employee’s front office and back-office tasks accurately with the help of desktop analytics.

Examples:

• Claim processing
• Customer Relationship Management
• Contact Center Automation
• Unattended back-office processes automation

Few Best Open Source RPA Tools 2021

Open source tools are commercially free to use. This allows anyone to customize, enhance the source code according to their needs.

Few best open-source RPA tools are,

Tag UI

Tag UI rapidly automates the repetitive time-critical tasks. It’s creator Ken Soh founder of Tebel Automation, says that TagUI is a Command Line Interface and it is suitable for 

• OCR (built-in)
• UI automation
• Desktop Applications
• Web Applications
• Direct ML model Integration (with API / R code / Python)

Key Features:

1. Its natural language like-syntax feature eliminates the need for coding knowledge. And allows us to write the scripts in more than 20+ languages including English, Chinese, Japanese.
2. Easy installation

Platforms : Windows, Linux, Mac OS

RoboCorp

Robocorp is an interesting open-source RPA tool that is based on cloud-native technology. It focuses on the developers’ ease of use. 

Since it is delivered through a cloud-based platform, the developers have the liberty to experiment more with minimal set-up. 

Key features

1. Robohub – a learning community for software robot developers. Its Robocode lab editor has almost all the tools necessary for the developers to start the automation.
2. RPA Framework – Readymade, reusable building blocks for common RPA uses cases
3. Robocloud Worker – This enables developers to run the bots by simply installing and signing in.

Platforms – Windows, Mac OS, Linux

However, cloud-based orchestration involves significant cost.

Taskt

This is an easy to use free RPA automation tool (both personal and commercial use). It has features like,

• Executing Custom code
• Image Recognition
• OCR
• Desktop application Automation
• Web Application Automation

Key Features

1. Screen recorder 
2. Element recorder

AutoHot Key

It is a simple and effective open-source RPA automation tool for Windows. It can be used for,

• Keyboard shortcut- key / hotkey generation
• Mouse clicks automation
• Form filling automation
• Shortcuts for frequently used phrases
• Opening the documents, websites, etc. with keystrokes

Key Features

1. Easy to learn built-in commands 
2. Beginner-friendly
3. Script-based automation

Conclusion

There are lot speculation in the industry analyst i.e. With the growth of RPA a lot of people would end up loosing jobs. We all know that any technology which are emerging had to be chosen and used wisely will help in improving efficiency of the business processes. As Teknonauts we believe the nature of jobs would change but RPA is not going soon any where and it will be in mainstream technology soon.

Explore more at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

Tools for android application development and Android mobile devices in the market are on all time high. The demand for apps and experienced application developers is only going to increase in future. If you want to know which tools are increasingly in demand these days and essential for a developer to know, then this article is for you. Please go through and don’t miss to give any inputs or comments in the comments section.

As the need to go fast with your development process technologies are evolving and trying to give an integrated solution. Some IDE’s have already established themselves & some are in the process of maturity.

Below are the top favorite tools for android application development.

Android Studio

Since Android studio is official development environment for all android applications, it is always on the topmost priority. Google created android studio back in 2013. Since then it has taken place of Eclipse android development tools (ADT) as the primary IDE.

It provides developers an option of code editing, debugging and testing tools with an easy drag and drop interface.

Please check link to know more

Android Debug Bridge

Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a command-line tool that lets developers communicate with an android device. The adb command help in installing and debugging apps and it provides access to a Unix shell that you can use to run a variety of commands on a device. It is a client-server program that includes three components – a Client, a Daemon (adbd) and a server. adb is included in the Android SDK Platform-Tools package. You can use ADB as a terminal for sending commands to the device and PC as needed.

Please explore more

AVD Manager

AVD Manager is a very useful feature & short form for Android Virtual Device. The AVD Manager is an emulator used to run android apps on a computer. By Using AVD, developers get the ability to work with different vendors and with different OEM’s. Performance and responsiveness for different android version, screen sized, and resolution can be tested.

Please explore more.

Eclipse

As mentioned earlier, eclipse used to be first choice for developers for long time but now its popularity has reduced. We are mentioned here because still many developers use it to create android and cross-platform apps.

Please explore more

Firebase

Firebase is a platform developed by Google for creating mobile and web applications. It was originally an independent company founded in 2011. In 2014, Google acquired the platform and it is now their flagship offering for app development.

The Firebase Realtime Database lets developers build rich and collaborative applications by permitting secure access to the database directly from client-side code. Data is persisted locally and even while offline, Realtime events continue to fire, giving the end user a responsive experience.

Please explore more.

FlowUp

 Flowup helps 360-degree application monitoring, developers who are very conscious of application performance. Key features include frames per second, network traffic, CPU and memory performance. You can also check how space your app is consuming. Using such tools will help client retain users for longer period.

Please explore more                                                                          

GenYMotion

Genymotion helps developers test and preview an application on different scenarios. It comes with pre-installed standard android images and graphics which are quite helpful in the testing process. With such emulator’s developer get a greater speed.

Please explore more at https://genymotion.com/

Gradle

In 2013, Google publicized gradle as a recommended build system for android application. It is based on apache maven and apache ant; it helps you automate your build process.

In conjunction with android studio its very easy to add libraries using minimal code.

Please explore more at https://gradle.org/

IntelliJ IDE

This is a product by JetBrains, IntelliJ IDE is modernly designed for better readability and productivity. Its fast and rich in feature though @ 149$, IntelliJ IDEA isn’t cheap. However, developers can leverage the community edition which available for free.

Please explore more at https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/

Instabug empowers mobile teams to release with confidence through comprehensive bug and crash reports, performance monitoring, and real-time user surveys and feedback.

Instabug

Majorly used for beta testing and bug reporting. Instabug is used by some of the most famous names in the tech industry, as Yahoo, PayPal, Lyft, BuzzFeed.

Please explore more at https://instabug.com/

LeakCanary

LeakCanary is a memory leak detection library for Android. LeakCanary’s knowledge of the internals of the Android Framework gives it a unique ability to narrow down the cause of each leak, helping developers dramatically reduce OutOfMemoryError crashes. It is an open source java library that makes it easier to detect leaks in app. LeakCanary is available on GitHub.

Please explore more at https://square.github.io/leakcanary/

Nimbledroid

It is a functional performance testing for android & iOS. Developers can monitor every critical user flow for every build of your mobile app. With the help of nimble droid, you can point out issues that degrade user experience early in the dev cycle. Also, seamlessly integrate with your CI workflow.

Please explore more at https://nimbledroid.com/

Proguard

It’s a code obfuscate tool to shrink your java and android code. Its an open source shrinker for Java bytecode, to enhance, obfuscate and optimize your code.

Please explore more at https://www.guardsquare.com/proguard

Sourcetree

It is free Git client for Windows and Mac. Sourcetree simplifies how you interact with your Git repositories so you can focus on coding. Visualize and manage your repositories through Sourcetree’s simple Git GUI.

Please explore more at https://www.sourcetreeapp.com/

Stetho

Stetho is a sophisticated debug bridge for Android applications. When enabled, developers have access to the Chrome Developer Tools feature natively part of the Chrome desktop browser. Developers can also choose to enable the optional dumpapp tool which offers a powerful command-line interface to application internals.

Please explore more at http://facebook.github.io/stetho/

The list is never ending you can explore Vysor, Visual studio with Xamarin, Ionic, Sencha, Unity 3D (Game developers), RAD Studio etc.

How to select App Development tools

To select the best mobile app development tool, organization need to consider the following factors:

In future sessions, we will have hands on session to evaluate platforms one by one. Please do not forget to check below article also:

Continue exploring at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

Schedule: Day 1 (18^th May 2021) to Day 3 (20^th May 2021)

Important Link: Google I/O 2021

Google I/O 2021 kicked of on Tuesday, the 2020 edition of the event had to be cancelled because of the pandemic but this year it returned as  virtual event. It began with a Keynote address where google executives and project managers  showed new software features, prototype video and new AI powered tools. Lets look into the highlights.

Android 12 Beta 1: latest features

As projected google officially releases the first beta release of Android 12 at I/O on Tuesday. Google pixel users will be the first to have their hands on latest build with the first beta already rolling to Pixel 5, Pixel 4/4a, Pixel 3.3a. Partner OEM’s also the join bandwagon to get the new build.

As projected, Google officially dropped the first beta release of Android 12 at Google I/O on Tuesday. As always, Google Pixel users are the first in line to get their hands on the latest software, with the first beta already rolling out to users with the Pixel 5, Pixel 4/4a, or Pixel 3/3a that are enrolled in the beta program. Several flagship phones from partner OEMs are also joining the Android 12 beta party. So far, the following OEMs have confirmed an Android 12 beta release for their Snapdragon 888-powered flagships:

WearOS merges with Tizen

Google has finally decided to merge with Samsung Tizen. This coalition will result in longer battery life as Heart rate monitoring is always on as announced. 30 % faster loading time for applications and smoother animations. As per google, Devs will develop apps for one single platform. Also confirmed, next version of galaxy smart watch will run on this unified platforms. Fitbit will also leverage the new software.

Check Lamda – Your new digital buddy

Link to  – Google Lamda

This is one of the amazing announcement which came out of Google I/O 2021, its Lamda – language model which is build on Google’s neural network architecture called Transformer. As opposed to other models which are trained to answer queries, Lamda acts as free flowing conversation on pretty much any topic. In keynote, Google showed a demo of Lamda acting as the planet Pluto and a paper airplane and it was good. Currently it is in research and development phase but google plans to use it in google assistant and other products as well.

Project Starline – The future of Video Conferencing

With a sneak peak into the future, most probably the google meet of the future. Being still a prototype, Google’s project Starline is a virtual meeting booth with holograms. Two persons sitting in their respective booths at different location, and technology make the virtually present in front of you. You will feel their presence in the room. This will be possible using depth sensors, multiple cameras and spatial audios. Google has set a timeline of 5 yrs. for them, currently it’s a proof of concept but yes its in their pipeline.

Google Maps – Eco-friendly & Safer routing

• Eco-friendly routes and safer routing are two new features coming to Google Maps.
• This will help people by suggesting routes  that will have lower fuel consumptions which will eventually reduce environment footprint.
• Safer routing feature will leverage AI to suggest safer routes using datapoints from current road, traffic and weather conditions.

Google Photos: More control over your memories

• Now you will have a secure folder that can be accessed by owner only. First will be rolled to Pixel and then other android devices.
• Machine learning will help photos to create an album of photos that have three or more similar objects, shapes, colors and bold them in the memories.
• Computational photography to bring life to standstill photos by adding missing frames by AI to produce animated images.

Google + Shopify

Google announced that they are closely working with Shopify to make merchants life easier to feature their products across google platform. In chrome, google is introducing a feature that will help consumers to “Pick up from the point where they left shopping in previous session”. When you open a tab in chrome, it will display your open shopping carts from across different shopping sites.

Conclusion

As per our analysis, Google has tried level best to roll out features for tomorrow and address issue of today by this years I/O 2021. The implementation is a challenge in the tough Covid times, lets stay connected to see what holds in the future of technology. Be with Teknonauts and explore more.

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

What is infrastructure as a Code ?

Infrastructure as a code – IAC is the management of infrastructure (Virtual machines, Load balancers, connection topology and network) in a descriptive model using the same language as devops teams uses.

As per the principle that states that the same source code generates the same binary and IAC model should create the same environment every time its is utilized. Its becoming a key devops practice and it works in parallel with continuous delivery.

Which real problems does IAC solves ?

IAC came into existence to solve two major problems which are stated below:

1. Environmental drift – Take an example where devops teams are managing 100’s of instance of varied application & they are not using IAC. The cumbersome task would be to  maintain the configuration of individual deployment environments. Over the period of time these environments become snowflakes, meaning a devops team cannot reproduce a unique configuration automatically.

Very good chance you will have inconsistency between environments which ultimately leads to issues during the final deployment.

If your system has snowflakes then maintenance and administration of infrastructure are difficult to handle. Ultimately this introduces errors in the system.

2. Idempotence –  This is a property which states that a deployment script always sets the target environment into the same set of configuration every time , irrespective of the initial state of environment. It is achieved by two ways:

a. Automatically configuring an existing target environment.

b. Rejecting the existing target environment and recreating it as a fresh system.

You can easily achieve this when you use IAC.

What real benefits does IAC delivers ?

Infrastructure as Code enables

1. DevOps teams to test applications in production-like environments early in the development cycle. multiple test environments can be provisioned reliably and on demand.
2. Infrastructure represented as code can also be validated and tested to prevent common deployment issues.
3. Teams who implement IAC can deliver stable environments rapidly and at scale. 
4. Teams avoid manual configuration of environments and enforce consistency by representing the desired state of their environments via code. 
5. DevOps teams can work together with a unified set of practices and tools to deliver applications and their supporting infrastructure rapidly, reliably, and at scale.

Declarative definitions ?

IAC technology we normally use declarative definition where possible.

A definition file specifies the “what” an environment required and not necessarily the “how” part of it. File will describe the specific configuration and versions of a server component from infra point of view, but it does not specify the method for installing and configuring it. This provides an required abstraction which helps in greater flexibility in between.

This declarative way also help to reduce the technical overhead of maintaining multiple scripts over a time. There is no single industry standard for declarative format for IAC. Different platforms support varied and multiple file formats as YAML, JSON and XML. Therefore the selection of declarative format depends on the target platform.

For e.g:

Best practices for IAC ?

Below are the list of best practices which we everyone should follow.

1. Code Everything – You should keep everything related to infrastructure in the code.
2. Make code your single source of truth –  All the infrastructure specifications should be coded in configuration files. Your configuration files should act as the single source of truth for all the infrastructure management activities.
3. Maintain version control –  Put all your config files under source control.
4. Use little documentation or none at all for your infrastructure specifications – Since the configuration files itself will be self explanatory in most of the descriptive languages, devops team does not need to have exhaustive documentation. Instead just enough documentation will be enough.
5. Test and Monitor Your Configurations. As IAC is based on coding,  therefore anyother code it could be tested and monitored. You can use various tools for it respective which platform you are using. you can check for errors and disparities in your servers before you deploy them to production.
6. Modular IAC Code –  As in any other language, you can make you scripts modular which could reusable and reconstructed as per the changing deployment configurations.

Available Platforms

There are many platform available to implement IAC, Cloud platforms have there own languages to speak as AWS, Azure etc. Third party platforms such as Terraform, Ansible, and Chef are also available to manage automated infrastructure.

In future sessions, we will have hands on session to evaluate platforms one by one.

Explore more at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

Google Logica is an open source declarative logic programming language in the field of data manipulation. Yedalog was predecessor of Logica. Yedalog was also created at Google before. Logica is for data scientists, engineers and other specialists who want to use logic programming syntax while writing queries and pipelines to run on Big Query.

Logica stands for Logic with aggregation.

Why to check Google Logica?

Compiler compiles Logica to StandardSQL and gives developer access to the power of BigQuery engine with the easy usability of logic programming syntax. This is helpful because BigQuery is much more powerful than state of the art native logic programming engines.

Explore logica if you find yourself in one or the below conditions:

Hearing Logic programming for the first time. What is it?

Logic programming is a declarative programming standard where the program is written with a set of logical executable statements.

This programming concept was first developed in academia from the late 60s. Prolog and Datalog are the most common examples of logic programming languages.

Logica is one of the languages of the Datalog family.

Datalog and relational databases start from the same thought process,

Conceptualize data as relations and data manipulation as a sequence of operations over these relations. But Datalog and SQL differ from operation aspects. Datalog is inspired completely by the mathematical syntax whereas SQL follows the syntax of natural language.

SQL was based on the natural language to give access to databases to the developer community without formal training in any programming languages. This usability may become pricy when the logic that you want to express is important. There are many examples present over internet of hard-to-read SQL queries that correspond to simple logic programs.

How does Google Logica work?

Logica compiles written logic program into a SQL programming expression, so it can be executed on BigQuery (SQL Engine).

Among database practitioners Datalog and SQL are known to be very much similar. The conversion from Datalog to SQL and back is often straight. However there are a few small differences, for e.g. how to utilize disjunction and negation. In Logica, Google has tried to make SQL structure as easy as possible, thus empowering user to write programs that are executed very efficiently.

How to learn?

Learn basics of Google Logica with the CoLab tutorial located at tutorial folder. See e.g. of using Logica in examples folder.

Tutorial and examples show how to access Logica from CoLab. You can also install Logica command line tool.

Setup Prerequisites

To run Logica programs on BigQuery you will need a Google Cloud Project. Once you have a project you can run Logica programs in CoLab providing your project id.

To run Logica locally you need Python3.

To initiate Logica predicates execution from the command line you will need bq, a BigQuery command line tool. For that you need to install Google Cloud SDK.

Installation

Google Cloud Project is the only thing you need to run Google Logica in Colab, see Hello World example.

You can install Logica command with pip as follows.

# Install.
python3 -m pip install logica
# Run:
# To see usage message.
python3 -m logica
# To print SQL for HelloWorld program.
python3 -m logica - print Greet <<<'Greet(greeting: "Hello world!")'

If your PATH includes Python’s bin folder then you will also be able to run it simply as

logica - print Greet <<<'Greet(greeting: "Hello world!")'

Alternatively, you can clone GitHub repository:

git clone https://github.com/evgskv/logica
cd logica
./logica - print Greet <<<'Greet(greeting: "Hello world!")'

Code samples

Here a couple examples of how Logica code looks like.

Prime numbers

Find prime numbers less than 30.

Program primes.l:

# Define natural numbers from 1 to 29.
N(x) :- x in Range(30);
# Define primes.
Prime(prime: x) :-
  N(x),
  x > 1,
  ~(
    N(y),
    y > 1,
    y != x,
    Mod(x, y) == 0
  );

Conclusion

The Logica tutorial is already available on Google.

Google Open Source Logica

Developers should start learning Logica if they are working with Google platforms and Big Data world. This is here to stay. Keep looking for more Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b

How you should plan to learn JAVA this year

if you are looking to learn java this year and thinking from where to start. Which technologies you should have more focus then this is the blog for you.

Doesn’t matter if you are starter, middle-level learner or pro java player at work. This blog explores the basics you need to know.

Learning a programming language is a technological process that requires serious preparation. Otherwise you will get bored and stuck in the learning process itself.

Starter : Core Java

First things first. No surprises, Core Java is a must for every Java Developer in every year of the language existence. That’s good news, because even IT people need stability.

Well, Core Java is like the main rules of any language. To become a programmer you definitely need to learn to code in a general sense. Core Java contains the syntax, basic constructions and concepts of the language. Here they are.

Basic Syntax

Learning syntax its like learning alphabets in your primary school. Its better to learn through practice from very first learning steps.

Main Java Syntax topics:

• What is an Object
• What is a Class
• What is a variable
• What is a method
• System.out.println() method
• Primitive types (int, double, boolean, char, etc)
• String
• Basic arithmetic and logical operators
• Branches: if-else statement
• Loop statements (for, while)
• Arrays

Knowing Java syntax well is the same as knowing a foreign language at the A1 level.

OOP concepts

Modern versions of the language have supported functional programming, however, Java programming is more or less all about Object Oriented Programming (OOP).

That’s why a deep understanding of OOP is extremely important for everyone who wants to be a Java developer. This topic is not extremely tough. However, it takes a lot of practice to get a feel for all the concepts of OOP.

When studying OOP, you first need to understand what an object is, how attributes differ from behavior, and how they should be expressed in Java. The ideas of inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism need to be understood so deeply that you can learn how to correctly build the hierarchy of objects in your programs.

While studying OOP, I recommend solving a lot of problems and reading a lot. Take a look at the code of Java classes, learn how they relate to each other. Don’t be lazy, read books that get to the point

Collection Framework

The Collection in Java is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate the group of objects.

Java Collections can achieve all the operations that you perform on a data such as searching, sorting, insertion, manipulation, and deletion.

Java Collection means a single unit of objects. Java Collection framework provides many interfaces (Set, List, Queue, Deque) and classes (Array list, Vector, Linked list, Priority Queue, HashSet, Linked HashSet, Tree Set).

The Collection framework represents a unified architecture for storing and manipulating a group of objects. It has:

1. Interfaces and its implementations, i.e., classes
2. Algorithm

You need to understand when to use Collection framework in which use cases.

Java Object Class

The Object class is the parent class of all the classes in java by default. In other words, it is the topmost class of java.

The Object class is beneficial if you want to refer any object whose type you don’t know. Notice that parent class reference variable can refer the child class object, know as upcasting.

Let’s take an example, there is getObject() method that returns an object but it can be of any type like Employee, Student etc, we can use Object class reference to refer that object. For example:

it is important to get the Object class realization and its methods. It helps a lot to understand the essence of the language.

Object obj=getObject();//we don't know what object will be returned from this method 

Exceptions

An exception (or exceptional event) is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. When an Exception occurs the normal flow of the program is disrupted and the program/Application terminates abnormally, which is not recommended, therefore, these exceptions are to be handled.

An exception can occur for many different reasons. Following are some scenarios where an exception occurs.

• A user has entered an invalid data.
• A file that needs to be opened cannot be found.
• A network connection has been lost in the middle of communications or the JVM has run out of memory.

Example:

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class FilenotFound_Demo {

   public static void main(String args[]) {		
      File file = new File("E://file.txt");
      FileReader fr = new FileReader(file); 
   }
}

If you try to compile the above program, you will get the following exceptions.

Output

C:\>javac FilenotFound_Demo.java
FilenotFound_Demo.java:8: error: unreported exception FileNotFoundException; must be caught or declared to be thrown
      FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
                      ^
1 error

Note − Since the methods read() and close() of FileReader class throws IOException, you can observe that the compiler notifies to handle IOException, along with FileNotFoundException.

Generics

Generics (generic types and methods) allow us to get away from rigidly defining the types to use. The topic, although unusual at first, is not very complicated. The faster you learn them, the better your code will be.

Multithreading

Java is a multi-threaded programming language which means we can develop multi-threaded program using Java. A multi-threaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently and each part can handle a different task at the same time making optimal use of the available resources specially when your computer has multiple CPUs.

By definition, multitasking is when multiple processes share common processing resources such as a CPU. Multi-threading extends the idea of multitasking into applications where you can subdivide specific operations within a single application into individual threads. Each of the threads can run in parallel. The OS divides processing time not only among different applications, but also among each thread within an application.

Multi-threading enables you to write in a way where multiple activities can proceed concurrently in the same program.

Life Cycle of a Thread

A thread goes through various stages in its life cycle. For example, a thread is born, started, runs, and then dies. The following diagram shows the complete life cycle of a thread.

Middle-level Java Programmer

New Java features

Well, nobody expects that a Java beginner should know the features of the newest Java versions such as Sealed Classes, Text blocks, Records, or Hidden Classes. However, I highly recommend trying to learn some of them or at least read about them since you learned most of the Core Java topics listed above. Recently, the JDK has been updated semi-annually, in March and September. JDK 16 appeared on March 16.

So, go to the OpenJDK website, which lists all the JDK Enhancement Proposal (JEP’s) from new versions. Read on, experiment with settings, it’s really useful! Even if you are a complete beginner, start to read about them to be in on trends.

Java beginners and professionals in 2021 are expected to know:

• Lambda Expressions
• Java Functional Interfaces
• Stream API
• Method References

Unit testing

So make a present for yourself and your future employer by learning the JUnit Framework as well as the powerful Mockito library. More experienced developers also often test their code using these libraries. So this knowledge will be useful to absolutely all Java Developers.

Data Structures and Algorithms

Data structures need to be learned, but is it worth doing at the abstraction level? In principle, it is possible, especially if you have already had time to work a little with some of their implementations in practice. In addition, very often the theoretical foundations of data structures (how and how efficiently insertion, deletion, and search are implemented in them) are demanded in interviews.

Java Ecosystem

When you start learning Java, often the first thing you are told about is bytecode, Java Virtual Machine, JRE, and JDK. That is how Java essentially works. However, at the first stage, this knowledge is rather a curious abstraction. I highly recommend returning to this topic at different stages of your learning, and even during work.

Understanding how the Java Ecosystem works adds a lot to your programming skill. For example, studying the work of the Garbage Collector . In general, it is very important for a developer to understand how the JVM allocates memory, what is Dynamic linking, runtime interpreter, and so on.

Design and Architectural Patterns

In 2021, trained professionals are expected to have knowledge of design patterns and the ability to apply them in practice. It is both simple and difficult at the same time.

A design patterns are well-proved solution for solving the specific problem/task.

Now, a question will be arising in your mind what kind of specific problem? Let me explain by taking an example.

Problem Given:
Suppose you want to create a class for which only a single instance (or object) should be created and that single object can be used by all other classes.

Solution:
Singleton design pattern is the best solution of above specific problem. So, every design pattern has some specification or set of rules for solving the problems. What are those specifications, you will see later in the types of design patterns.

Working with data

There are two major classes of databases: SQL (relative) and NoSQL (non-relative). Relative databases are more popular so the first step is to learn them.

1. First, you can read about Databases and their structure. Download one of them (for example, PostgreSQL, which is free and open source), project one or two.
   1. For the first steps you can learn to interact with the SQL database.
   2. b. and learn to perform the very basic CRUD (standing for Create, Read, Update, Delete) SQL commands on the data of your first applications. There is JDBC driver, a platform-independent standard for interaction between Java applications and databases. JDBC is implemented as a java.sql package included with Java SE (standard edition). So first you can use it directly.
   3. c. Later when you feel more confident, you will soon be able to further adapt the usage of Object Relational Mapping (ORM) systems: special software libraries that allow you to work with data in a more natural and human-readable format, without writing SQL queries explicitly. Undoubtedly one of the most popular and widely used Java ORMs is Hibernate.
2. If you have time you can try MongoDB. It could be a pretty interesting experience.

Pro Java Programmer

The technologies I mentioned in this paragraph are quite difficult to learn on your own. They are quite complex and are best learned in a team setting, in real projects. However, it is possible.

When people talk about Enterprise technologies related to Java, they usually mean two main stacks, Spring Framework and Jakarta Enterprise Edition (formerly Java Enterprise Edition, JavaEE).

They do similar things, but not quite. You can think of Spring as a set of frameworks, while pure Jakarta is a set of specifications and standards.

Spring is ideal for developing small GUI front-end applications or microservices architecture. However, leaving the dependency on application servers negatively affected the scalability of Spring applications.

Java EE is well suited for implementing a scalable, monolithic clustered application.

In the labor market, at the moment, developers who are familiar with the Spring Framework are more in demand. Historically, in the days when Java EE was overcomplicated, Spring “gained a client base.”

So it is more logical in 2021 to make efforts to learn Spring. Nevertheless, it would be better to get acquainted (at least superficially) with both platforms. Write a small home project in both Java EE and Spring. Then delve into the framework that is required at work.

Spring Framework is a huge ecosystem for building backends. The most important parts of Spring to learn:

• Core Spring components, such as Dependency Injection (DI), Inversion of Control (IoC), and Spring MVC in general.
• Spring Boot
• Spring Security
• Spring Data JPA
• Spring AOP

Useful Components

Some employers expect future programmers to know a number of tools and libraries that help in their work.

• Servlets, components to extend the capabilities of a server.
• Log4j, one of the most useful libraries for logging messages.
• Jackson/JSON. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an open standard file format and data interchange format. Jackson is a high-performance JSON processor for Java.
• Java API for RESTful Web Services.

Conclusions

It a long list but with proper planning and dedication you can easily learn Java basics and java advanced concepts.

Explore more at Teknonauts.com

Ashish Kumar Singal

Ashish is technology freak with around 11+ years of experience in IT Landscape. He started his journey as a device driver programmer in 2010. From that point he has evolved as a Mobility and IOT Architect, he completed his M.Tech from BITS Pilani as System Architect. He is working as Principal Architect at Oracle currently.

linkedin.com/in/ashish-kumar-singal-0252812b